Finance and Economic

Germany’s controversial suggestion of a European debt regulator with direct control over Greece’s spending turned out to be such a touchy subject that Chancellor Angela didn’t even mention the idea to the leaders at Monday’s European Union summit in Brussels.

In what was seen as a blow for Germany’s push for tighter European integration, national sovereignty appeared to have won the argument Monday.

Over the weekend, Germany had made a pre-summit call to give a powerful European debt watchdog direct control over Greece’s budget decisions. Despite often stinging criticism over how Greece runs it financial affairs, having a foreigner directly run a nation’s budget found no takers among the other leaders.

Even Merkel’s staunch ally, Nicolas Sarkozy, who is so close that they have morphed into the diplomatic couple “Merkozy”, could not back her.

“We cannot put a country under trusteeship and run it from abroad. It would not be reasonable, not democratic, and, in short, not efficient,” Sarkozy said after the summit.

Going into the summit, German Economics Minister Philipp Roesler had suggested the EU should take over the “leadership and supervision” of Greece’s budget.

Athens is teetering on the brink of a disorderly default and is seeking a key agreement to get a second euro130 billion ($170.43 billion) bailout. The country has been surviving since May 2010 on an initial euro110 billion package of rescue loans from other eurozone countries and the International Monetary Fund.

Greece must also cut its deficit further and push through painful public sector layoffs and sell off several state companies, and its partners are unhappy with the pace of action.

Still, a “Sparkommissar” in German_ or “savings Czar” _ was beyond the pale for Greece.

“Our partners do know that European integration is based on … the respect of their national identity and dignity,” Greek Finance Minister Evangelos Venizelos wrote in an angry retort.

“I am certain that the political leaderships of all European nations _ particularly bigger nations that bear increased responsibility for the course of Europe _ are aware of how friends and partners, who have joined their historical destinies, raise questions,” he wrote on Sunday.

Merkel got the message.

“I believe that we are having a discussion that we shouldn’t be having,” she said entering the summit.

Other European leaders have said that the Commission, the EU’s executive, needed the power to block bad spending decisions, but not only in Greece but also other highly indebted countries.

But taking over the leadership of budget went too far.

“It can only be put in place by the Greeks, in a democratic way,” said Sarkozy.

Ever since Greece threw the eurozone into financial turmoil in 2009 when it admitted previous governments had played down the amount of debt, it has been criticized as a profligate nation living off the wealthy northern nations.

It has since committed itself, under often intense pressure, to slowly move back toward a degree of fiscal discipline.

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Total U.S. money market mutual fund assets fell $14.68 billion to $2.679 trillion for the week ended Wednesday, Investment Company Institute said.

Assets of the nation’s retail money market mutual funds fell $5.73 billion to $929.14 billion, the Washington-based mutual fund trade group said. Assets of taxable money market funds in the retail category fell $3.89 billion to $733.47 billion. Tax-exempt retail fund assets fell $1.84 billion to $195.67 billion.

Meanwhile, assets of institutional money market funds fell $8.95 billion to $1.750 trillion. Among institutional funds, taxable money market fund assets fell $8.13 billion to $1.653 trillion; assets of tax-exempt funds fell $820 million to $96.20 billion.

The seven-day average yield on money market mutual funds was 0.02 percent in the week ended Tuesday, unchanged from the previous week, said Money Fund Report. The 30-day average yield was also unchanged at 0 guaranteed online personal loans.02 percent.

The seven-day compounded yield was flat at 0.02 percent, as was the 30-day compounded yield at 0.02 percent, Money Fund Report said.

The average maturity of the portfolios held by money market mutual funds was unchanged from the previous week at 44 days.

Bankrate.com said its survey of 100 leading commercial banks, savings and loan associations and savings banks in the nation’s 10 largest markets showed the annual percentage yield available on money market accounts was unchanged at 0.13 percent from the previous week.

Bankrate.com said the annual percentage yield on six-month certificates of deposit was unchanged from the previous week at 0.22 percent.

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How much is it worth to suffer through a terrifying cruise ship grounding?

Italian ship operator Costa Crociere SpA on Friday put the figure at euro11,000 ($14,460) plus reimbursement for the cost of cruise tickets and extra travel expenses, seeking to cut a deal with as many passengers as possible to take the wind out of class-action lawsuits stemming from the Jan. 13 grounding of its Costa Concordia cruise liner off Tuscany.

But many passengers are refusing to accept the deal, saying they can’t yet put a figure on the costs of the trauma they endured. And lawyers are backing them up, telling passengers it’s far too soon to know how people’s lives and livelihoods might be affected by the experience.

“We’re very worried about the children,” said Claudia Urru of Cagliari, Sardinia, who was on the Concordia with her husband and two sons, aged three and 12, when it capsized.

Her elder son is seeing a psychiatrist: He won’t speak about the incident or even look at television footage of the grounding.

“He’s terrorized at night,” she told The Associated Press. “He can’t go to the bathroom alone. We’re all sleeping together, except my husband, who has gone into another room because we don’t all fit.”

As a result, she said, her family retained a lawyer because they don’t know what the real impact _ financial or otherwise _ of the trauma will be. She said her family simply isn’t able to make such decisions now.

“We are having a very, very hard time,” she said.

Costa’s offer, which covers compensation for lost baggage and psychological trauma, was the result of negotiations with several consumer groups who say they are representing 3,206 passengers from 61 countries who suffered no physical harm when the massive cruise ship hit a reef off the island of Giglio.

It’s not clear, though, how many of those passengers will take the deal, even though they’re guaranteed payment within a week of signing on.

In addition to the lump-sum indemnity, Costa, a unit of the world’s biggest cruise operator, Miami-based Carnival Corp., said it would reimburse uninjured passengers the full costs of their cruise, their return travel expenses and any medical expenses they sustained after the grounding.

Costa said the euro11,000 figure is higher than current indemnification limits provided for by law, and added that it wouldn’t deduct anything that insurance companies might kick in.

The deal does not apply to the hundreds of crew on the ship, many of whom have lost their jobs, the roughly 100 people who were injured in the chaotic evacuation, or the families who lost loved ones.

Sixteen bodies have already been recovered from the disaster and another 16 people who were on board are missing and presumed dead.

On Friday, the first known lawsuit was filed against Costa and Carnival by one of the Concordia’s crew members, Gary Lobaton of Peru. The suit, filed in Chicago federal court, accuses Carnival and Costa of negligence because of an unsafe evacuation and is seeking class-action status.

In Italy, some consumer groups have already signed on as injured parties in the criminal case against the Concordia’s captain, Francesco Schettino, who is accused of manslaughter, causing a shipwreck and abandoning the ship before all those aboard were evacuated.

Schettino, who is under house arrest, deviated from the ship’s charted course to bring the Concordia closer to Giglio, gashing the hull on a reef a few hundred meters offshore. He has said the reef wasn’t on his nautical charts.

In addition, Codacons, one of Italy’s best-known consumer groups, has teamed up with two U.S. law firms to launch a class-action lawsuit against Costa and Carnival in Miami, claiming that it expects to get anywhere from euro125,000 ($164,000) to euro1 million ($1.3 million) per passenger.

German attorney Hans Reinhardt, who currently represents 15 Germans who survived the accident and is in talks to represent families who lost loved ones, said he is advising his clients not to take the settlement.

Instead, he along with Codacons is working with one of the U.S. law firms to pursue the class-action suit in Miami.

“What they have lost is much more than euro11,000,” he said of his clients.

But Roberto Corbella, who represented Costa in the negotiations with consumer groups that led to the offer, said the deal provides passengers with quick and “generous” restitution that with all the reimbursements could amount to some euro14,000 ($18,500) per passenger, even non-paying children.

“The big advantage that they have is an immediate response, no legal expenses, and they can put this whole thing behind them,” he told AP.

Melissa Goduti, of Wallingford, Connecticut, is trying to do just that but hasn’t quite been able to. The 28-year-old, who was traveling with her mother aboard the Concordia, says she can’t sleep at night _ “nothing works, even meds” _ and has been diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder.

She said Costa had offered to pay for three to five counseling sessions for the PTSD, but that she’ll need more.

“That will not fix my problem,” she said in an email. “No one is going to get over this tragic event in 3-5 counseling sessions.”

Passenger Ophelie Gondelle of Marseille, France, said euro11,000 was paltry “especially considering the psychological” trauma she endured. She said she and her boyfriend are taking part in a French class-action effort underway instead.

Urru, the Sardinian mother of two, said her family was so traumatized by the grounding that when it came time to go home the day after, they flew to Sardinia from Rome rather than take the ferry because everyone was too terrified to go near a ship.

“It was impossible,” to go by boat, she said.

For the past several days, she has kept busy by preparing a box of goods to send to a resident on the island of Giglio who let her family and their friends _ a total of 10 people _ stay in a holiday apartment the night of the grounding.

Urru said she was sending seven sweaters and two blankets to make up for the things that her family took from the apartment, since they had nothing to guard against the freezing Tuscan chill. She said she was also sending the homeowner some cheese and salami and typical Sardinian sweets.

“Inside this apartment, it was so warm, so welcoming. They gave us everything that was inside the house,” Urru said. “They were truly, truly wonderful.”

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Millionaires can be just like everyone else. At least when it comes to paying taxes.

Mitt Romney released records this week that show he pays a tax rate of about 15 percent of his income. The relatively low figure is raising eyebrows because it’s on par with the rate paid by many middle-class households. That’s despite the Republican presidential candidate’s impressive income of $45 million over the past two years.

The disparity seems to fly in the face of the basic rule that tax rates move in tandem with wages; the more you earn, the more you pay. So Romney’s disclosure may stir suspicions that the system is tilted toward the rich.

In his State of the Union speech Tuesday night, President Barack Obama focused on the issue by noting that a quarter of all millionaires pay lower tax rates than millions of middle-class households.

“We need to change our tax code so that people like me, and an awful lot of members of Congress, pay our fair share of taxes,” Obama said in a speech that repeatedly touched on the gap between the rich and poor.

On average, the wealthy pay taxes at a much higher rate than the middle-class individuals. But the primary reason that many pay a lower tax rate is that more of their income comes from investments, which is generally taxed at a far lower rate than wages.

Even if investment income doesn’t play a big role in your finances, understanding the basics of how tax rates work can help even the average wage earner save hundreds, if not thousands of dollars a year.

Here’s an overview of what you need to know:

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TAX RATE BASICS

Although it’s common to grumble about taxes, taxpayers often don’t know precisely what percentage of their income goes to the government. So an essential starting point is to look at how tax rates are applied.

Taxpayers can currently fall into one of six federal tax brackets depending on their taxable income. This amount includes items such as wages and distributions from retirement accounts. The tax rate for each bracket ranges from 10 percent to 35 percent. This is the most basic building block of tax planning because your taxable income can be reduced considerably by various credits, exemptions and deductions.

Here’s the breakdown of how much single filers would pay in federal income taxes depending on their taxable income for 2011:

1. 10 percent - income up to $8,500

2. 15 percent - over $8,500 up to $34,500

3. 25 percent - over $34,500 up to $83,600

4. 28 percent - over $83,600 up to $174,000

5. 33 percent - over $174,400 up to $379,150

6. 35 percent - amount over $379,150

Keep in mind that these are marginal rates, meaning your income is taxed in tiers. The first $10,000 you earn, for example, is taxed at a lower rate than the next $10,000.

So let’s say you earned $100,000, putting you in the 28 percent tax bracket. This doesn’t mean you’d fork over $28,000 in federal income taxes. It means that the amount you earn above a certain threshold is taxed at 28 percent. Your federal income taxes would actually be closer to about 22 percent of your income.

The current federal rates are set to expire at the end of this year. If Congress doesn’t act by then, the rates would revert to levels from before the Bush-era tax cuts, which ranged from 15 percent to 39.6 percent.

For now, federal income tax rates overall are near historic lows, says Joseph Rosenberg, a research associate at the Tax Policy Center in Washington, D.C. He also said that nearly half of Americans do not pay any federal income taxes as a result of various exemptions given to those with dependents and limited incomes.

Federal income taxes are only a piece of the larger tax picture, however. Payroll taxes, which go toward Social Security and Medicare, eat up another 5.65 percent of wages. That rate returns to 7.65 percent if the payroll tax cut pushed by Obama isn’t extended past February.

State taxes are another factor and can vary widely, with rates ranging from as low as 3.4 percent in Indiana to 11 percent in Hawaii and Oregon, according to H&R Block’s Tax Institute. A handful of states, including Alaska and Florida, do not have an income tax.

THE EXCEPTIONS

Not all income is taxed at the rates outlined above. A key exception is any money earned from long-term investments, such as stocks, mutual funds and real estate held for at least a year. This income is classified as capital gains and is taxed at a flat 15 percent. That’s regardless of whether it’s $100 or $1 million.

“This is why someone who’s a millionaire might have an effective tax rate that’s lower,” said Gil Charney, a tax analyst with H&R Block’s Tax Institute. “A higher percentage of their income is going to be from long-term investment income.”

In Romney’s case, a chunk of his income in 2010 and 2011 came from Bain Capital, the private equity firm he founded and managed between 1984 and 1999.

Bain still pays Romney “carried interest,” which is a classification of pay for managers of hedge fund and private equity firms. Critics say this type of compensation and should be taxed as salary at ordinary rates. But as it stands, carried interest is considered capital gains because it’s profit in excess of what investors paid into the fund, Charney said.

The tax rate for capital gains wasn’t always 15 percent. The rate has moved up and down through the years. In the 1970s, for example, the figure was close to 40 percent. And if Congress doesn’t act by the end of the year, the capital gains tax rate will revert back to 20 percent.

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REDUCING TAXES

Tax rates are subject to political influences. But there are a few standby strategies taxpayers can use for reducing their tax bill.

A key tactic is to reduce taxable income; this is why financial planners are such advocates of maximizing contributions to 401(k) accounts. Workers can reduce their taxable income by as much as $17,000 a year. For traditional individual retirement accounts, the maximum contribution is $5,000 a year.

Most large employers also let workers set aside up to $5,000 of pre-tax wages in a health care flexible spending account. This money can be used for a variety of medical costs, including co-pays, prescription drugs and supplies such as cold packs.

There are also numerous tax breaks for donations and education and health care costs that you may incur anyway.

Not everyone will be able to get their tax rate down to 15 percent. Yet there are numerous steps you can take to minimize your tax bill.

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Greece is still hopeful that it will be able to reach a deal with private bondholders to cut its massive debt _ despite tougher terms set by its European partners.

On the front line of Europe’s sovereign debt crisis, Athens is trying to get its private creditors _ banks and other investment firms _ to swap their Greek government bonds for new ones with half their face value, thereby slicing some euro100 billion ($130 billion) off its debt. The new bonds would also push the repayment deadlines 20 to 30 years into the future.

However, the main stumbling block over the past few weeks to securing this deal has been the interest rate these new bonds would carry. A high interest rate could buffer losses for investors, but would also require the eurozone and the International Monetary Fund to put up more than the euro130 billion in rescue loans they promised in late October.

In the early hours of Tuesday, politicians representing the 17 countries that use the euro as their currency drew a firm line on the Greek debt restructuring.

Jean-Claude Juncker, the Luxembourg prime minister who chaired a meeting of finance ministers on efforts to fight the crisis, said the average interest rate over the lifetime of the new Greek bonds must “clearly below 4 percent,” with an average rate of less than 3.5 percent for the period until 2020 _ far below the 4 percent demanded by the Institute of International Finance, which has been leading the negotiations for the private bondholders.

The caps on the interest rates underline that the eurozone and the IMF are unwilling to increase new rescue loans above the promised euro130 billion, even though Greece’s economic situation has deteriorated. After already granting Greece a euro110 billion bailout in May 2010, the eurozone and the IMF are threatening to withhold further funding for the country, which has repeatedly failed to hit budget and reform targets required in return for the financial aid.

The interest rate caps will also seriously test the willingness of private bondholders to agree to a debt deal voluntarily. IIF head Charles Dallara over the weekend had characterized the bondholders’ most recent offer as the best possible.

Greek finance minister Evangelos Venizelos was nevertheless confident that the two sides could find common ground.

“We have the green light from the Eurogroup to close the deal with the private sector in the next few days,” Venizelos said in Brussels.

The alternative to a voluntary deal would be to force losses on to investors _ a move that the eurozone has so far been unwilling to make. Officials fear that a forced default could trigger panic on financial markets and hurt bigger countries like Italy, Spain or even France.

Dutch Finance Minister Jan Kees de Jager has said that a voluntary deal was not a must and that getting Greece’s debt down to a sustainable level was a bigger priority.

“Greece and the banks have to do more in order to reach a sustainable debt level,” he told reporters Tuesday as he arrived for a second day of meetings with his European counterparts. “We have to await the discussions about that because a sustainable debt level is absolutely a precondition for the next (rescue) program.”

Europe’s finance ministers are meeting in Brussels to discuss other elements of their efforts to fight the wider crisis _ including a permanent bailout fund for nations in financial distress and a balanced budget treaty.

Greek stocks opened lower Tuesday, shedding a collective 3 percent one day after optimism on the debt writedown deal sparked a 5 percent rally.

Meanwhile, updated budget execution figures released by the Greek Finance Ministry showed that despite massive spending cuts, the country’s fiscal deficit for 2011 was actually higher than in 2010.

Last year’s fiscal deficit hit euro21.72 billion ($28.27 billion) _ euro270 million ($350 million) more than in 2010.

Revenues were euro910 million ($1.18 billion) below target, but the ministry said this was offset by higher-than-anticipated spending cuts of euro896 million ($1.16 billion).

These figures are on a cash basis, and exclude some categories of spending taken into account in calculating the final budget deficit for 2011 _ which Greece has pledged to cut to about euro20 billion ($26 billion).

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Nicolas Paphitis in Athens, Greece, contributed to this story.

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The stock market has had an impressive January. The staid companies that make up the Dow Jones industrial average have gained 4 percent in three weeks, and the broader market has done even better.

But the Nasdaq composite _ a collection of technology stocks whose dot-com heyday was more than a decade ago _ has left them both in the dust.

That’s no surprise when you consider tech stocks took a licking last year. Tech companies tend to carry more risk _ a problem for the Nasdaq during last year’s market gyrations. As investors regain confidence in the economy, riskier plays are doing well.

But experts say the Nasdaq’s gains reflect long-term currents that could lift tech stocks through 2012 and beyond. Many companies put off replacing worn-out technology during the recession. To compete and survive, they need to invest in tech.

There’s also a growing global market for technology as more nations try to reduce labor costs by automating everything from factories to cash registers.

And the biggest tech companies face less competition these days when they try to acquire smaller companies. Many of their mid-sized rivals for those deals were weeded out after the dot-com bust and the financial crisis.

In the market for mergers and acquisitions, established players like IBM and Oracle can be picky about buying only those companies that will increase their earnings _ and probably their stock prices.

In other words, it’s not all about Microsoft-style titans and trendy social media companies like LinkedIn and Zynga. The Nasdaq contains more than 3,000 companies, many of them relative startups compared with the companies in the Standard & Poor’s 500 index.

For the year _ just 13 trading days old _ the Nasdaq composite is up 7 percent, compared with 4.6 percent for the S&P 500 and 4.1 percent for the Dow.

“It looks like it’s going to be their year, or at least their month,” says Michael Vogelzang, chief investment officer at Boston Advisors LLC.

The Nasdaq sank 1.8 percent last year, while the Dow rose 5.5 percent and the S&P was flat. That left tech stocks relatively cheap, giving them more space to rise as the broader market rallied. Oracle is up 11.9 percent this year, Microsoft 14.5 percent.

Vogelzang and others say the tech rally has further to go.

“If you want to make your company more productive, you have to turn to the world of technology for that,” says Kim Caughey Forrest, senior analyst with Fort Pitt Capital Group.

She expects the S&P 500’s tech sector to outperform the broader market because of strong demand from U.S. companies, developing nations such as China and even cash-strapped European governments. As China’s banking system exploded to serve a growing middle class, banks there spent big on IBM technology, she noted.

“Nobody questions whether they need the latest and greatest technology anymore. They know they need to keep up their technology spending,” says Eric Gebaide, managing director of Innovation Advisors, a tech-focused investment bank and strategic advisory firm.

Gebaide and others mentioned many companies’ efforts to move their computing and data storage off-site _ trends known as “cloud computing” and “virtualization.” Long-distance computing is cheaper, but it requires technology.

But why are tech stocks rallying now? The cloud computing transition has been under way for years, and spending by companies has driven much of the U.S. recovery since the economy emerged from recession in June 2009.

It’s all about the investment cycle, says Jack Ablin, chief investment officer with Harris Private Bank. He says investors are finally willing to “flex their speculative muscles in a market that isn’t falling apart in the way they feared last year.”

Last year, some of the best-performing stocks were consumer staples and utilities _ lower-risk industries where demand is consistent even the economy is slow. This year, utilities in the S&P are down 3.7 percent, while tech companies are up 6 percent.

The move out of so-called defensive stocks, the ones you want to own in a slow economy, is a sign that investors are willing to embrace risk again.

“You’re getting this big market rotation,” Vogelzang says. “People made money last year in the boring, stable industries, and they’re saying, `Hey, I better get on this economy train while I can.’”

Tech companies learned hard lessons from the dot-com bust of the early 2000s and the 2008 financial crisis, says Gebaide of Innovation Advisors. They hold more cash than most types of companies and carry less debt. That leaves them less vulnerable to bankruptcy or a loss of investor confidence.

Given its twice-stung discipline, tech is positioned to drive the economy _ “perhaps the best it has been as a sector in the past 20 years,” Gebaide says.

The biggest threat to the industry, Gebaide says, is a slowdown in the early investment that helps startups grow into viable companies. Those early dollars used to offer massive returns to savvy investors when a good pick went public.

Today, the upside for venture capitalists is limited because far fewer companies are going public in big stock offerings. The bar is much higher after dot-com era debacles like Pets.com. Before underwriting a deal or buying chunks of stock, banks and investors want to see millions in annual revenue and established customer bases. It’s tough for younger tech companies to meet those standards.

Peter Falvey, managing director of Morgan Keegan Technology Group, says there’s plenty of capital, entrepreneurship and good ideas to keep companies’ bottom lines _ and stock prices _ rising.

Falvey’s group specializes in tech mergers and acquisitions _ the kinds of deals that allow IBM or Oracle to bring a small competitor’s product to a wider audience and add to their own earnings. Last year was the best for M&A in his group’s 11-year history, and this year’s deal pipeline already is stronger than last year’s was at this time, he says.

A company like IBM “has huge amounts of capital and a global customer base, plus complete hardware-software services,” Falvey says. “Once you put a small company into that machine, IBM can do really well with it.”

The industry’s earlier downturns also helped big companies by weeding out smaller players. The number of publicly traded tech companies has decreased by a third since 2000, Gebaide says. Now the big dogs can pick and choose more carefully, acquiring only businesses that are almost certain to increase their profits.

To be sure, high-tech companies are higher-risk investments, and they could lose value quickly if the market tanks because of a debt catastrophe in Europe or something unforeseen.

“People love tech until we get an economic shock, or negative economic statistics start to come out,” Vogelzang says. “Then all of a sudden, people will say, `Whoa, I need to go buy some utilities again.”

But investors should take tech’s success at this stage as a promising sign, says Ryan Detrick, senior technical strategist with Schaeffer’s Investment Research. He says higher-risk bets like tech stocks tend to rise as the market enters a phase of long-term growth.

Housing, tech and small-company stocks all have risen faster than broad indexes since October, Detrick says. Those sectors are sensitive to improving economic data, he says.

“When you start to see tech taking charge, that’s definitely a potential step in the right direction for future gains, potentially for the whole year,” Detrick says. “Those are the sectors you want to see lead a bull market.”

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Berkshire Hathaway Inc.’s energy business agreed to buy an 81-megawatt wind power project from Invenergy Wind LLC to expand production in Illinois.

The Bishop Hill II project, which is under construction, will use 50 General Electric Co. 1.62-megawatt turbines, according to a statement Friday from Berkshire’s MidAmerican Energy Holdings Co. in Omaha, Neb.

Berkshire, led by Warren Buffett, has been expanding renewable production at the energy unit, which also produces power with coal and natural gas. Mid-American has invested about $6 billion in wind generation and built or acquired more than 3,300 megawatts of the renewable energy source in states including Iowa, Wyoming, Washington and Oregon since 2004. Last month, the unit agreed to buy the $2 billion Topaz solar project in California from First Solar Inc payday loans.

Wind “meets current and future energy needs in an environmentally efficient and cost-effective manner,” said MidAmerican Chairman and Chief Executive Greg Abel.

The Bishop Hill II wind project is near the town of Galva, Ill., about 40 miles northwest of Peoria. The project is expected to be in commercial operation in the fourth quarter. A unit of Ameren Corp. in Illinois has agreed to buy electricity from the project under a 20-year power-purchase agreement. Terms of the Invenergy deal weren’t disclosed.

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The number of Americans filing for new jobless benefits dropped to a near four-year low last week, pointing to some building up of momentum in the labor market and the economy.

But the upbeat economic outlook was dampened by other data on Thursday showing a drop in new residential construction in December after hefty gains the prior month.

Initial claims for state unemployment benefits plunged 50,000 to a seasonally adjusted 352,000, the lowest level since April 2008, the Labor Department said.

That was the largest drop since September 2005 and took claims within spitting distance of the 350,000 mark that economists say would signal strong job growth.

The four-week moving average of claims, considered to be a better measure of labor market trends, dropped 3,500 to 379,000 last week. Analysts had expected initial claims to fall only to 385,000.

“We have to see if there are some seasonality issues involved here, but on the surface this number looks to be very positive and is pretty much consistent with other data we’ve seen recently that suggest improvement in underlying fundamentals in the U.S.,” said Omer Esiner, chief market analyst at Commonwealth Foreign Exchange.

U.S. stock futures added to gains after the data, while Treasury debt prices widened losses.

Last week’s claims data covered the survey period for January nonfarm payrolls and claims dropped by 14,000 between the December and January survey periods.

Payrolls increased 200,000 in December, with the unemployment rate dropping to a near three-year low of 8.5 percent.

The claims data builds on a rash of stronger-than-expected economic signals and could further temper expectations among some economists that the Federal Reserve could launch a fresh round of bond buying to spur the recovery.

The Fed meets next week and no policy action is expected, outside from the possibility the central bank may signal it will keep overnight rates pressed to zero for longer than had previously been expected.

But with continued signs of stress in the housing market, the U.S. central bank will stay very much in the picture.

Housing starts fell 4.1 percent to a seasonally adjusted annual rate of 657,000 units in December, the Commerce Department said in a separate report guaranteed payday loans. Economists had expected housing starts to fall to a 680,000-unit rate.

Permits for future home construction slipped 0.1 percent to an annual rate of 679,000 units last month.

“Housing continues to bounce along at the bottom, suggesting that housing is not going to recover for several years to come. If we are relying on housing to drive this recovery it seems we will continue on this tepid path for a very long time,” said Lindsey Piegza, an economist at FTN Financial in New York.

INFLATION STILL MUTED

In another report, the Labor Department said its Consumer Price Index was unchanged in December for a second straight month.

Core CPI - excluding food and energy - inched up 0.1 percent after rising up 0.2 percent in November. That was in line with economists’ expectations.

Last month, overall inflation was held back by gasoline prices, which fell 2.0 percent - declining for a third straight month. Food prices rose a modest 0.2 percent after nudging up 0.1 percent in November.

Overall consumer prices rose 3.0 percent year-on-year after increasing 3.4 percent in November. That was in line with economists’ expectations.

Core consumer prices were last month dampened by new motor vehicle costs, which fell 0.2 percent - the third straight month of declines. Prices for used cars and trucks dropped 0.9 percent, falling a fourth month in a row.

Apparel prices slipped 0.1 percent, indicating discounting by retailers to attract holiday shoppers. Apparel prices rose 0.6 percent in November.

But housing costs held up, with owners’ equivalent rent rising 0.2 percent last month, reflecting the rising demand for rental apartments as the weak housing market pushes Americans away from home ownership. This category rose 0.1 percent in November.

In the 12 months to December, core CPI increased 2.2 percent after rising by the same margin in November. This measure has rebounded from a record low of 0.6 percent in October.

The Fed would like to see core inflation at 2 percent or a little under, although the price measure its follows most closely tends to run below the core CPI.

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GROOVY GROVE: One of St. Louis’ newest designated communities, the Grove, has started off the new year with several new business openings and planned openings of several more.

Urban Breath Yoga at 4237 Manchester Avenue opened on Jan. 1, which, yes, was intended to coincide with the need for a place for hangover recovery. Director Cathleen Williams said the studio was previously located in Dogtown, and that she made the new space the main location because it has a larger reception area and additional room for classes.

Located in the same block is No Coast Skateboards, which opened last year and bills itself as the only skater-owned and operated shop in St. Louis. Planning to open soon along the same stretch is the SoHo Restaurant and Lounge, which is described as an upscale restaurant with a rooftop deck for dining and lounging payday loan.

Sameem Afghan Restaurant, which had originally been on South Grand but closed for a couple of years, reopened last week at 4341 Manchester Avenue. Owner Fahime Mohammad also operates Al Waha Restaurant and Hookah Lounge at the old Sameem’s location. He also operates the Kabob Palace catering company in Manchester.

The addition of Afghan cuisine adds another dimension to the variety of international cuisine in the Grove, which also has restaurants offering Baja Mexican, Nepalese, soul food and Spanish tapas. Rounding it off will be O’Shay’s Irish Pub, which is planning a spring opening.

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An email landed in my inbox the other day from a startup called Timehop. In that email, there were pieces of my online life posted a year ago that day.

"Feeling inspired," I had tweeted January 6 , 2010. And then there was a picture I had posted of my best friend sitting at our favorite local restaurant in the East Village, the one that months later closed its doors after 20 years.

The next day, I received an email documenting a tweet I’d sent to another good friend leaving CNN. "We’re losing a good one," I tweeted him in farewell. Later that day, I posted a picture of my favorite building lit by afternoon sunlight in what has now become my old neighborhood.

Nostalgic? Just a bit.

That’s why Timehop is betting our social media history will become more important in a world where much of our lives are documented online.

Sign up and connect your Twitter, Foursquare, Facebook, and Instagram account and every morning a piece of your social media history will land in your inbox showing what you tweeted a year ago on that date, the pictures you posted, and the places you were.

"We’re producing enough content in digital form that we have a digital past," Timehop co-founder Jonathan Wegener said. "You’re following your own life story, which is pretty interesting." Wegener added that Timehop has tens of thousands of subscribers.

The interest in eventually looking back online is part of the reason Facebook overhauled its interface to create Timeline, a new version of the site that would also serve as a digital scrapbook and essentially, a story of our lives.

Until Facebook launched Timeline, it was tough to view your past actions on the service.

"We knew people wanted to dig back in," Meredith Chin, manager of product communications at Facebook said. "We wanted people to be able to see a return on investment they put in over the years and also look back and reflect things that were important to them."

Companies like Foursquare and Twitter don’t allow users an easy way of looking back at old tweets and check-ins, and Timehop hopes to position itself as the place to do that.

"Everyone’s focused on real time and there’s an incredibly powerful product to be built on the past," Wegener said. "That’s the product we’re building."

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Timehop was a spin off of 4SquareAnd7YearsAgo, which was originally built out of a Foursquare hackathon in February of last year. That service simply sent you reminders of your Foursquare check-ins in the past credit reports free.

Wegener was a part of the latest Techstars class, an influential incubator program in New York that matches entrepreneurs with mentors. He was working on another startup called FriendsList, which was meant to take on Craigslist.

Wegener said Timehop was always a side startup but people just latched on to it. So he stopped working on FriendsList and is now working on Timehop full time with two other coworkers. He wouldn’t comment on VC funding.

The service uses the public APIs from social networks like Twitter and Foursquare to collect that data and send it to users in a daily email.

"What’s the point?" you might ask. I thought the same, but in a world where our musings are tweeted and our favorite moments shared on our smartphones, it doesn’t hurt to have a little reminder of where we were a year ago.

Wegener says the gentle digital reminders from the past in a daily email are "emotionally powerful," citing users who are reliving their child’s birth and viewing pictures they posted a year earlier.

But what happens when we don’t want to be reminded of the past? What if the daily reminder mentions an ex-boyfriend or someone who has since died?

Wegener admitted that’s been a problem for Timehop. "We’ve had a surprising number of people unsubscribing due to people not wanting to relive a tough patch of history," he said.

The crew is currently working on a filter that would allow users more control over their reminders and a snooze feature that would turn off the service temporarily.

Wegener, who has spent nearly a year on the project, says the tweets we send, the pictures we post, and the other bits of media we’ve started creating on a daily basis will ultimately gain value.

"The content you create gains value with time. So whether it’s a photograph or tweet, it becomes more emotional with time — it ages like wine," he said.

Of course, the philosophy must be backed by a business plan and it’s not clear whether Timehop will be able to pull that off. Timehop eventually hopes to make money from advertising. Wegener said there is also potential for virtual gifts connected with a service that celebrates the past.

Only time will tell if our digital past will be a success in the future. We’ll sign up for Timehop and check back in a year. 

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