Finance and Economic

Big Oil continued to make big money in the second quarter.

Industry giants Exxon Mobil and Royal Dutch Shell on Thursday reported a surge in earnings, helped by higher prices for oil, gasoline and other fuels. Even BP, still paying for the Gulf oil spill, made more than $5 billion in the quarter.

The windfall drew jeers from environmental groups that oppose tax subsidies for the industry. They said it shows the industry doesn’t need extra help from the government, especially at a time when lawmakers need to chop billions of dollars from the budget.

“Why should those who are posting record profits be exempt from sharing the sacrifices we all will be making?” said Jacqueline Savitz, senior campaign director for Oceana, an environmental advocacy group.

President Obama said in April that he wanted to cut roughly $4 billion in government subsidies for oil companies. The industry argues that doing so will discourage oil companies from developing fields in the U.S.

Argus Research analyst Phil Weiss noted that oil profits appear huge in comparison to almost any other industry, but they’re relatively tame when considering how expensive it is to extract oil from the ground no credit check payday loans. Exxon, for example, earned $10.7 billion after taking in a whopping $125.5 billion from April to June. That’s a profit margin of less than 10 percent, much lower than margins for pharmaceutical, technology or service companies, Weiss said.

“Those businesses have much richer bottom lines,” he said.

As they announced their quarterly profits, oil executives said they’ll devote billions of dollars more to finding new deposits that will eventually bring more supply to the market. Much of that attention will be focused on the U.S.

In the April-June period, Exxon’s profits jumped 41 percent. Shell’s net income nearly doubled to $8.7 billion and BP earned $5.6 billion compared with a loss of $17.2 billion last year. All three missed Wall Street expectations, however, as they reported weaker oil production from fields outside the U.S. Foreign entitlement contracts force them to take less oil as prices rise, analysts said.

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Nissan’s quarterly profit dropped 20 percent as Japanese automakers took a battering from the quake and tsunami disaster that disrupted car production and destroyed dealerships.

A soaring yen and rising material costs also helped drag net profit for the fiscal first quarter down to 85 billion yen ($1 billion) from 106.6 billion yen in the April-June quarter last year, Nissan Motor Co. said Wednesday.

But Nissan Chief Executive Carlos Ghosn said the numbers show the maker of the Leaf electric car and Infiniti luxury models is holding up despite the huge odds.

The magnitude-9.0 earthquake on March 11 in northeastern Japan destroyed key suppliers of components, disrupting production for all Japanese automakers.

But Nissan’s production has been recovering faster than its rivals _ and Nissan officials acknowledge faster than they had expected themselves.

The result also outdid forecasts. A FactSet survey of analysts forecast a profit of 55 billion yen ($705 million).

Nissan sold 1.056 million vehicles in the quarter, up 10.6 percent from a year earlier. Quarterly sales edged up 1.6 percent to 2.08 trillion yen ($26.7 billion).

“Our rapid recovery from the natural disasters in March once again shows the power of Nissan in responding effectively and decisively to crisis,” Ghosn said.

Last month, Ghosn disclosed a six-year growth plan, his most ambitious since the revival plan for Nissan that he set in motion in 1999. At that time, Nissan was on the verge of collapse, and Ghosn was sent in by alliance partner Renault SA to turn it around.

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Viva Del Taco?

On Sunday, the owner of the old Del Taco building in Midtown backed off plans to knock it down, saying he would explore a range of other alternatives before seeking a demolition permit from the city.

After weeks of silence on his plan to bulldoze the saucer-shaped landmark at South Grand and Forest Park boulevards near St. Louis University, developer Rick Yackey sent a statement to the Post-Dispatch pledging to hire an architect, talk with potential tenants and hold a community meeting to explore possible uses of the building.

“I am a developer, not a demolition man,” Yackey wrote, noting that he has performed more than 2 million square feet worth of historic rehabs in the city, been honored by the Landmarks Association of St. Louis and never once applied for a demolition permit.

Yet demolition was to be the fate of the Del Taco building, according to plans filed with the city last month. Yackey, who owns the structure and neighboring Council Plaza, indicated he would knock down the 1967-built former gas station and replace it with new buildings for retail tenants.

That news prompted a flurry of protests from fans of both the restaurant and the building’s funky midcentury architecture. Even as the Del Taco itself closed, thousands of people signed online petitions to save the structure. Supporters held rallies. Mayor Francis Slay weighed in, urging reuse. Eventually, aldermen changed the redevelopment plan to require review by the city’s Preservation Board before any demolition permit could be issued. That’s where things stand now.

Yackey said his goal is an “economically viable” project that fits in with the neighbors. Demolition was always a last resort, he said, but the existing structure, just 2,000 square feet under a vast cement canopy, has very little leasable space payday loan lenders.

“This isn’t about disliking the building,” he said. “It’s about things being functionally obsolete.”

But after the uproar, and after talking with Slay and Alderman Marlene Davis, Yackey decided to see whether he can keep the building. He has hired an architect to study adding on to the ground floor, and he’s talking with the owner of a neighboring property about swapping some land for more parking spaces.

That is great news both for the Del Taco building itself and for the broader cause of preservation in St. Louis, said Randy Vines, who helped organize rallies in support of the building. The outpouring of support shows that people care about distinctive buildings, even if they’re just a few decades old, he said. And the protesters tried hard to keep a positive tone.

“We’ve done our best to offer solutions,” Vines said. “Certainly this is a building that can be adapted to another use.”

Yackey said he’s talking with potential tenants already. He wouldn’t say who, but Kaldi’s Coffee and local pizza chain Pi confirmed last week that they’re interested. Yackey also plans to hold a “community meeting to explore reuse and redevelopment ideas.”

And, Yackey said, he won’t rush to knock the building down.

“I have not applied for and will not apply for a demolition permit until completing this investigative process,” Yackey wrote. He said he expects that will take two or three months.

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The nameplate outside George Paz’s windlowless office, no bigger than any other at Express Scripts, carries his name, but no title.

The mustachioed chairman and chief executive eats in the company cafeteria, and parks his Audi sedan in an unreserved, lower-level spot. He knows a surprising number of his employees on a first-name basis, stopping occasionally to chat them up.

Even with Thursday’s announcement that Express Scripts plans to buy a leading rival, Medco Health Solutions, Paz eschews the spotlight

Fitch ratings agency said Friday that it will put a default rating on Greece’s government bonds as a result of the eurozone’s new plan to get banks to share the burden of helping the country.

The eurozone plan says banks will be asked to contribute billions to Greece by rolling over debt, swapping bonds or selling them back at low prices.

As expected, Fitch said that because that would mean a loss for those banks, it will lower Greece’s rating to “restricted rating.” That rating could be lifted, however, as soon as Greece issues new bonds to the banks.

Those new bonds would be guaranteed by eurozone governments.

The banks’ contribution is part of a broad deal to help Greece.

The country will get euro109 billion ($156 billion) in new financing in a complex package that includes new loans, buybacks of Greek debt, and credit guarantees under the deal agreed Thursday by the leaders of the 17 countries that use the euro.

The European plan will help ease Greece’s burden by cutting interest rates and extending repayment on bailout loans, and by asking Greek bondholders such as banks and investment and pension funds to accept less than the full value of their investments through bond swaps and rollovers. Those transactions will give them bonds that pay less interest _ around 4.5 percent on average _ over a much longer period of 30 years.

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CALGARY

There will be no storybook ending for Borders. The 40-year-old book seller could start shuttering its 399 remaining stores as early as Friday.

The Ann Arbor, Mich.-based chain, which helped pioneer the big-box bookseller concept, is seeking court approval to sell off its assets after it failed to receive any bids that would keep it in business. The move adds Borders to the list of retailers that have failed to adapt to changing consumers’ shopping habits and survive the economic downturn, including Circuit City Stores Inc., Blockbuster and Linens `N Things.

On Thursday, Borders is expected to ask the U.S. Bankruptcy Court of the Southern District of New York at a scheduled hearing to allow it to be sold to liquidators led by Hilco Merchant Resources and Gordon Brothers Group. If the judge approves the move, liquidation sales could start as soon as Friday; the company could go out of business by the end of September.

Borders’ attempt to stay in business unraveled quickly last week, after a $215 million “white knight” bid by private-equity firm Najafi Cos. dissolved under objections from creditors and lenders. They argued the chain would be worth more if it liquidated immediately.

“We were all working hard toward a different outcome, but the headwinds we have been facing for quite some time, including the rapidly changing book industry, e-reader revolution, and turbulent economy, have brought us to where we are now,” said Borders Group President Mike Edwards in a statement.

Borders liquidation could have far-reaching effects, putting thousands of people out of work at a time of high unemployment, particularly in Michigan where Borders is based. The chain, which has been shrinking in recent years, currently has 10,700 employees.

“We’ll want to look closely from the jobs perspective of people in the state,” said Geralyn Lasher, spokeswoman for Gov. Rick Snyder, in a statement.

The loss of Borders stores will deal a blow to malls nationwide, according to real estate sources. Borders stores average about 25,000 square feet __ about half the size of a football field __ and a liquidation could leave large empty spaces across the country.

Borders’ move to close 228 stores while it reorganized in bankruptcy protection already increased the collective vacancy rate of shopping centers that contained a Borders to 9.3 percent from 4.2 percent, estimated Chris Macke, senior real estate strategist at CoStar Group, the nation’s largest provider of real estate data. Macke calculated the liquidation of the rest of the chain could increase the vacancy rate on that same basis to 18.8 percent.

Additionally, Simba Information senior trade analyst Michael Norris predicts the closing could cause sales of electronic books to fall. Borders, for one, entered the electronic book market with Canada’s Kobo Inc. last year. Owners of the Kobo e-reader will still be able use Kobo software to buy and read books. And Kobo officials said users of Borders e-book accounts, which began transitioning to Kobo in June, will be able to access their e-books uninterrupted.

“This industry is going to slowly figure out that a lot of e-book readers still use bookstores all the time to discover what’s new before heading home to buy it for their e-reading device,” he said.

Perhaps a Borders liquidation would hurt the consumer most. Tanya Ellis, 42, of Southfield, Mich., said the closings are “horrible.” She said she and a friend would stop at a nearby Starbucks, then visit the Borders store in Beverly Hills, Mich., and browse for about an hour.

“So where are we going to buy books from? I just got into reading books the last two or three years, and they just keep closing all these bookstores,” she said, adding that electronic readers aren’t an option for her. “It takes all the fun out of it.”

Justin Grant, 31, from Brooklyn, however, was less phased. Although he had just picked up a parenting book to read on his commute home Monday, he said he buys most of the 25 to 30 books he reads a year on Amazon.

“It’s much easier to get them through the mail and delivered to my desk at work,” he said.

It has been a long fall for Borders since Tom and Louis Borders opened their first store in 1971, selling used books in Ann Arbor. At its start, the brothers were mostly interested in offering other bookstores a system they developed for managing inventory.

But in 1973, the store moved to a larger location and shifted its focus to selling new books and expanding, helping pioneer the big-box bookstore concept along with Barnes & Noble Inc. At the time, Waldenbooks and B. Dalton mall chains, with small stores and 20,000 to 50,000 titles, were growing rapidly. The new superstores, by contrast, offered between 100,000 and 200,000 titles, as well as enticements to linger like comfortable chairs and attractive lighting.

Kmart Corp. saw the potential and acquired Borders in 1992, forming a book unit with Waldenbooks. It then spun the bookstores off as a separate company in 1995, the same year Amazon started selling books online.

Borders was slow to adapt to the changing industry and lost book, music and video sales to the Internet and other competition. Sales began to fall, leading to a revolving door of CEOs. By the time Borders’ current CEO, financier Bennett LeBow, came aboard in May 2010 after investing $25 million in the company, bankruptcy was already looking like a strong possibility.

Borders filed for bankruptcy protection in February after being hurt by tough competition from online booksellers and discounters. It hoped to successfully emerge from bankruptcy protection by the fall as a smaller and more profitable company, but pressure from creditors and lenders eventually led the chain to put itself up for sale and finally, seek approval to liquidate.

At its peak, in 2003, Borders operated 1,249 Borders and Waldenbooks, but by the time it filed for bankruptcy protection in February that had fallen to 642 stores and 19,500 employees. Since then, Borders has shuttered more stores and laid off thousands.

Borders says it expects to be able to pay vendors for all expenses incurred during the bankruptcy cases.

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Racing the debt clock, Congress is working on dual tracks while President Barack Obama appeals to the public in hopes of influencing a deal that talks have failed to produce so far.

“We have to ask everyone to play their part because we are all part of the same country,” Obama said Saturday, pushing a combination of spending cuts and tax increases that has met stiff resistance from Republicans. “We are all in this together.”

In his weekly radio and Internet address, Obama said the wealthiest must “pay their fair share.” He invoked budget deals negotiated by GOP President Ronald Reagan and Democratic House Speaker Tip O’Neill, and Democratic President Bill Clinton and Republican Speaker Newt Gingrich.

“You sent us to Washington to do the tough things, the right things,” he said. “Not just for some of us, but for all of us.”

As a critical Aug. 2 deadline approached, the chances that Obama would get $4 trillion or even $2 trillion in deficit reduction on terms he preferred were quickly fading as Congress moved to take control of the debate.

House Republicans prepared to vote this coming week on allowing an increase in the government’s borrowing limit through 2012 as long as Congress approved a balanced-budget constitutional amendment, which is highly unlikely.

In the Senate, the Republican and Democratic leaders worked on a bipartisan plan that would allow Obama to raise the debt limit without a prior vote by lawmakers. The talks focused on how to address long-term deficit reduction in the proposal in hopes of satisfying House Republicans.

In the Republicans’ address Saturday, Sen. Orrin Hatch of Utah argued for passage of a balanced-budget amendment. He blamed Democrats for failing to embrace adequate budget cuts and said “the solution to a spending crisis is not tax increases.”

An amendment that requires a balanced budget, he said, “would put us on a path to fiscal health and would prevent this White House or any future White House from forcing more debt on the American people faxless cash advance.”

The government said Friday it was using its last stopgap measure to avoid exceeding the current $14.3 trillion debt limit. Administration officials, economists and the financial markets have warned that missing the Aug. 2 deadline and precipitating a government default would send convulsions through an already weakened economy.

In a news conference Friday, the president argued that he had the public on his side as in calling for a large deficit reduction package that included spending cuts and increased tax revenues. But Republicans have flatly rejected any proposal from Obama that contains additional revenue from closing tax loopholes, restricting the value of deductions for the rich, increasing tax rates for hedge fund managers or ending oil and gas subsidies.

“This is not a matter of the American people knowing what the right thing to do is,” Obama said. “It’s a matter of Congress doing the right thing and reflecting the will of the American people.”

Obama had held five straight days of meeting with congressional leaders at the White House, but none of the three options he proposed _ deficit cuts of $4 trillion, $2 trillion or $1.5 trillion over 10 years _ were unlocking enough support to increase the debt ceiling by the $2.4 trillion Obama wants to make it last beyond the 2012 elections.

Essentially declaring those discussions over, Senate Republican leader Mitch McConnell said Friday: “”Now the debate will move from a room in the White House to the House and Senate floors.”

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The U.S. Justice Department is investigating Credit Suisse Group’s offshore business with wealthy American clients as part of a larger probe into suspected U.S. tax evaders, the Swiss bank said Friday.

Credit Suisse said it was informed of the investigation Thursday and will cooperate with U.S. authorities within the limits set by Swiss banking secrecy.

“The investigation concerns historical private banking services provided on a cross-border basis to U.S. persons,” the bank said in a statement. “It has been reported that the U.S. authorities are conducting a broader industry inquiry,” it added.

Credit Suisse is the most high-profile Swiss bank to be targeted by U.S. investigators since rival UBS AG became embroiled in a tax evasion probe three years ago. Zurich-based UBS admitted to helping U.S. clients hide money on offshore accounts and ended up paying a fine and giving U.S. authorities details on thousands of American account holders instant credit report. The case prompted Switzerland to soften its strict banking secrecy rules in response to international pressure.

Observers had expected a formal investigation against Credit Suisse after three former and one current employee of the bank were indicted by U.S. authorities in February on charges of conspiring to help American tax cheats.

Analysts at Zuercher Kantonalbank noted that a new treaty currently being discussed by Bern and Washington _ which would automatically tax the accounts of American bank clients in Switzerland _ might ease the pressure on Credit Suisse and other Swiss banks.

Shares in Credit Suisse were down 1.5 percent at 30.13 Swiss francs ($36.88) on the Zurich exchange.

The bank releases its second-quarter results July 28.

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Italian markets are buoyant on expectations that the Senate will approve a package of austerity measures that is key to shoring up confidence in the country’s financial future.

The benchmark FTSE MIB was up 0.5 percent, the only European index to trade higher Thursday morning.

Italy’s finance minister has vowed that the austerity measures, which aim to balance the budget by 2014, will get final approval by the lower house of parliament on Friday.

The government fast-tracked the approval _ from an original deadline of August _ to soothe jittery markets.

Italy will also hold its second bond sale this week, seeking to raise euro5 billion ($7 billion) in 5- to 15-year bonds from the markets. Italy easily raised euro6.75 billion in 12-month debt on Tuesday, though at higher rates.

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