Finance and Economic

Australia and Japan sparred verbally Tuesday at a meeting of the International Whaling Commission, after Japan called on Australia to better protect its whaling ships from sabotage raids by anti-whaling activists.

Confrontations with activists forced Japan to cut short its annual hunt south of Australia this year. Protesters threw paint, smoke bombs and rancid butter in bottles toward the Japanese whaling ships. They also got a rope entangled in the propeller on a harpoon vessel, causing it to slow down.

Australia rebuffed Japan’s request, with Environment Minister Tony Burke saying that while Australia would abide by the principles of safety at sea and international maritime law, his country “simply can’t agree” to providing more protection to Japanese ships than other vessels operating in the area.

Japanese whalers regularly hunt in Antarctic waters south of Australia, a feeding ground for 80 percent of the world’s whales, and the commission has no enforcement powers to stop them. Japan insists the hunt is for scientific research, something anti-whaling nations dispute.

“This so-called scientific whaling lacks any scientific argument behind it,” Burke said. “What’s going on there is commercial whaling. Australia is opposed to commercial whaling.”

Australia has launched a complaint against Japanese whaling at the International Court of Justice in The Hague, the U.N.’s highest court.

Commercial whaling is banned by a 1986 moratorium. Talks on allowing limited commercial whaling broke down last year, and no breakthroughs are expected at IWC talks in Jersey.

Britain has proposed reforms to make the commission more transparent and effective, including by forcing governments to pay their membership fees by bank transfers, which can be easily traced, instead of cash or checks.

The move comes in the wake of allegations last year that Japan has been using aid money and personal favors to buy votes, which Japan denies.

“I still hear that people are paying their dues in cash. I think that’s unacceptable … and leaves an organization open to accusations,” British Fisheries minister Richard Benyon said. “These may be perceptions not reality, but it’s something this organization has to tackle.”

The British proposal was held up by procedural issues Tuesday and will be re-tabled Wednesday.

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At the center of the down payment debate in Washington are rules about what constitutes a “qualifying residential mortgage,” or QRM.

Under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform Act, a QRM would constitute a gold standard for home loans, and mortgages that meet it would be exempt from rules requiring the bank that generates a loan to keep at least 5 percent of the loan’s value on its books

The Canadian housing market is due for a correction, but it will likely be a slow decline rather than a sharp drop, says a report from the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce.

Businesses requested more airplanes, autos, and oil drilling equipment in May. The jump in factory orders after a sluggish spring suggests supply disruptions stemming from the Japan crisis are fading.

Factory orders rose 0.8 percent in May, the Commerce Department said Tuesday. That followed a downwardly revised drop of 0.9 percent in April.

The increase pushed factory orders to $445.3 billion. That’s almost 32 percent higher than the low point during the recession, reached in March 2009.

Much of the increase was driven by a 36.5 percent increase in orders for aircraft, a volatile category. But there were also signs of strength in areas that had slowed sharply in the previous month.

Auto and auto parts orders rose 2 percent. And a measure of business investment rose 1.6 percent, after falling 0.4 percent the previous month. Companies invested more in computers and equipment.

Orders for so-called nondurable goods, such as food, clothing, oil, and plastics, fell 0.2 percent in May. But that was partly because oil prices dropped.

Until this spring, manufacturing had been one of the strongest sectors of the economy since the recession ended two years ago.

Economists largely blamed the weak period on high gas prices and the impact of the earthquake in Japan, which led to a parts shortage that has hampered U.S. manufacturers. Those factors appear to be easing. Gas prices have come down since peaking in early May. And the manufacturing sector expanded at a faster pace in June after slowing sharply in May, according to the Institute of Supply Management.

“There are encouraging signs that the second half will likely get better, particularly for manufacturers,” said Ryan Sweet, an economist at Moody’s Analytics short term personal loan.

A recovery in the auto sector is one reason production is picking up. Japanese automakers with plants in the U.S., such as Toyota Motor Corp., Honda Motor Co. and Nissan Motor Co., sharply cut production in the spring. But they are restoring output. Toyota executives say their North American factories will be back to 100 percent by September.

Busier auto plants would help boost the economy in the second half of this year. The economy grew at a 1.9 percent annual pace in the January-March quarter. Most economists expect a similarly weak pace of growth in the April-June quarter.

The economy is expected to grow at a 3.2 percent in the second half of this year, according to an Associated Press survey of 38 top economists.

Growth must be stronger to significantly lower the unemployment rate, which was 9.1 percent last month. The economy would need to grow 5 percent for a whole year to significantly bring down the unemployment rate. Economic growth of just 3 percent a year would hold the unemployment steady and keep up with population growth.

Employers added only 54,000 net new jobs in May, much slower than the average gain of 220,000 per month in the previous three months.

The government reports Friday on hiring data in June. Economists expect the economy added only 90,000 jobs and the unemployment rate was unchanged, according to survey by FactSet.

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NATO said Saturday it has begun ramping up its airstrikes on military targets in the western part of Libya, where rebel forces claim a string of advances through territory still largely under Moammar Gadhafi’s control.

In a boost for Gadhafi, meanwhile, the African Union called on member states to disregard an arrest warrant issued by the International Criminal Court against the Libyan leader. That could enable Gadhafi to travel freely on the continent. The warrant was issued for his alleged role in a brutal crackdown on anti-government protesters earlier this year.

Libyan government spokesman Moussa Ibrahim praised the AU’s decision, saying “we salute their courage.” He said Gadhafi had no immediate plans to leave the country, however.

“We are at war with the mightiest armies in the world, and the safety of the leader is a must for us. So we need to keep him safe to lead us through this difficult time,” he said.

Libya welcomed a road map for dialogue drafted by the AU that outlines plans for negotiations between the government and rebels, Moussa said.

He confirmed that Gadhafi would not be involved in the proposed talks, and expressed hope that a cease-fire could be reached “in the next few days, or weeks at most.”

Gadhafi’s regime is determined to stand firm against opposition fighters moving from southern and eastern fronts toward the capital, Tripoli. The rebels have largely solidified control over the eastern third of Libya but have struggled to push out of pockets they hold in the west.

NATO’s comments about its latest airstrikes suggest the alliance is hoping to tip the balance further in the rebels’ favor despite threats by Gadhafi to carry out attacks in Europe unless the airstrikes stop.

The coalition said it has destroyed more than 50 military targets in the west this week. It says it is targeting government forces in cities and along “major lines of communication.”

“We are engaging all military assets that are being used to indiscriminately target the civilian population throughout Libya,” Lt. Gen. Charles Bouchard, commander of NATO’s Libya mission, said in the statement sent Saturday but dated the previous day.

NATO said more than 1.8 million civilians are at risk from a buildup of forces loyal to Gadhafi in western cities along the coast and in the Nafusa mountain range southwest of the capital.

Rebels control several Nafusa mountain towns and the vital port city of Misrata. The rest of western Libya, including the heavily protected capital Tripoli, remain under Gadhafi’s control payday loans.

Col. Ahmed Bani, a rebel spokesman, said Saturday that rebel fighters have pulled back in some parts of the west, in what he described as a “strategic retreat,” but said they would go on the offensive again in the coming days. Asked about the NATO attacks in the area, he said they have been helpful to the rebels, but did not elaborate.

Bani told a news conference in the rebel-controlled eastern city of Benghazi that the rebels are not sending reinforcements to the west and that the fighters there don’t need more weapons.

A coalition including France, Britain and the United States began striking Gadhafi’s forces under a United Nations resolution to protect civilians on March 19, giving the rebels air support. NATO assumed control of the air campaign over Libya on March 31. It is joined by a number of Arab allies.

In recent days, NATO said it has repeatedly hit Tripoli and Gharyan, a city at the eastern gateway to the Nafusa mountains and on a major road to capital. Gharyan sits about 50 miles (80 kilometers) south of Tripoli.

It also claims to have struck a network of tunnels storing military equipment about 30 miles (50 kilometers) southeast of the capital.

NATO said in a separate statement it struck two armed vehicles Friday near Bir al-Ghanam, a town rebels from the mountains have been trying to take along a road leading toward the capital.

Gadhafi threatened Friday to target European “homes, offices, families” unless NATO halts its bombing campaign. His defiant audio address was played to thousands of supporters packed into Tripoli’s main square during on of the biggest pro-government rallies since the airstrikes began.

It’s not clear whether Gadhafi can make good on the threats.

In the past, the Libyan leader supported various militant groups, including the IRA and several Palestinian factions, while Libyan agents were blamed for attacks in Europe, including a Berlin disco bombing in 1986 and the downing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland, that killed 270 people, mostly Americans. Libya later acknowledged responsibility for Lockerbie.

In recent years, however, Gadhafi was believed to have severed his ties with extremist groups when he moved to reconcile with Europe and the United States.

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U2 and its frontman Bono, known for their global poverty-fighting efforts, were accused of dodging taxes in Ireland by activists who crashed their performance Friday at England’s Glastonbury festival.

The anti-capitalist group Art Uncut inflated a 20-foot (6-meter) balloon emblazoned with the message “U Pay Your Tax 2.” Security guards wrestled them to the ground before deflating the balloon and taking it away. About 30 people were involved in the angry clash.

Bono fan Gary Noble, 45, said he found the security reponse “all a bit shocking.”

“I love U2 but I think everyone should pay their taxes. The campaigners have a right to voice their opinion,” he said.

Art Uncut argues that while Bono campaigns against poverty in the developing world, his group has avoided paying Irish taxes at a time when his austerity-hit country desperately needs money.

Ireland, which has already accepted an international bailout, is suffering through deep spending cuts, tax hikes and rising unemployment as it tries to pull the debt-burdened economy back from brink of bankruptcy.

“Tax(es) nestling in the band’s bank account should be helping to keep open the hospitals, schools and libraries that are closing all over Ireland,” Art Uncut member Charlie Dewar said ahead of the protest.

U2, the country’s most successful band, was heavily criticized in 2006 for moving its corporate base from Ireland to the Netherlands, where royalties on music incur virtually no tax payday loans.

Bono, guitarist The Edge and U2’s other members _ bassist Adam Clayton and drummer Larry Mullen _ are among the country’s wealthiest residents. Forbes magazine has estimated the band earned $195 million last year, mostly through its hugely profitable “360 Degrees” world tour.

It’s not known how much personal income tax the band members pay in Ireland.

During the years when Ireland was a booming “Celtic Tiger” economy, the members of U2 invested in a wide range of Dublin properties, including a luxury riverside hotel and a planned Norman Foster-designed skyscraper on the River Liffey. Plans for the “U2 Tower” were shelved when property prices collapsed in 2008.

U2 is headlining the first night of the three-day Glastonbury festival, its first appearance at Britain’s most prestigious summer music event. The band was due to perform last year but had to pull out after Bono injured his back.

Some 170,000 people have descended on a farm in southwest England for the extravaganza, which includes sets by Morrissey, Mumford & Sons, Coldplay, Beyonce and scores of other acts.

Rubber boots are the fashion item of choice after heavy rain turned the 900-acre (364-hectare) site into a mudbath. More rain is forecast for later Friday.

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Ladue-based McCarthy Building Cos. Inc. topped out a new 134-bed, 359,000-square-foot replacement hospital and broke ground on a 141,000-square-foot medical office building for Good Samaritan Regional Health Center in Mount Vernon, Ill.

The $140 million hospital project doubles the size of the existing facility and is about 30 percent complete. It also includes eight observation beds, and all rooms are private. The medical office building is connected to the hospital and includes a surgery center and outpatient diagnostic services instant credit report. Both buildings are scheduled to be ready for use late next year.

McCarthy and Jefferson County-based partner Shores Builders and Lipps Construction broke ground on the hospital project in April 2010. McCarthy broke ground on the medical office building March 15.

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In a rare move, the proposed back-to-work legislation to end the postal dispute sets out a wage settlement that is actually lower than Canada Post’s last offer.

“We’re really disappointed in the Conservative government’s position,” said Gayle Bossenberry, first national vice-president for the Canadian Union of Postal Workers. “The legislation is very restrictive.”

Labour Minister Lisa Raitt introduced the legislation on Tuesday, which outlines a wage settlement of 1.75 per cent in the first year, 1.5 per cent in the second year, and 2 per cent each in the final two years.

At the bargaining table, Canada Post has offered 1.9 per cent in each of the first three years, followed by 2 per cent in the final year.

The union, which represents 48,000 members, estimates the difference works out to about $875 for a full-time employee over the course of the four-year agreement.

While it may be rare to impose a wage deal, it’s not unheard of. In 1997, when the Liberal government ordered postal workers back to work after a two-week strike, it imposed a settlement that was less than Canada Post’s last offer, 5.15 per cent over three years instead of 5.25 per cent.

During question period, NDP Leader Jack Layton questioned the decision to impose wages, but Prime Minister Stephen Harper defended the move.

“The wage rates laid out in the legislation are the rates that this government agreed to with its other public service workers, and that is a fair settlement for Canada Post workers as well,” Harper said.

While the NDP has vowed to delay the legislation, Government House Leader Peter Van Loan told reporters that he expects the legislation will pass on Thursday or Friday, and then would go to the Senate. Mail service likely won’t resume until next week.

The government had threatened back to work legislation in the case of striking Air Canada workers, who reached a tentative deal with the airline last week.

In addition to the unusual step of setting wages, Bossenberry said it also uses the final offer selection process, where each side presents its final offer, and the arbitrator, who is appointed by Raitt, chooses a winner and a loser.

Unlike mediation-arbitration, there is no back and forth or attempt to find a middle ground.

The legislation also sets out penalties if the union or Canada Post defies the legislation, including up to $50,000 a day for union or company official, and up to $100,000 a day for the company or union. Individuals would face up to $1,000 a day.

“I think workers right across the country should be aware if this is the respect that the working class gets in Canada, I’m concerned,” Bossenberry said.

Even though both sides insist they want to hammer out their own agreement, they seem entrenched in their own positions. Talks are continuing, but there is little progress.

When mail volumes began to plummet, Canada Post announced plans to move to home delivery only three days a week. It then locked the workers out last week.

Ontario Federation of Labour president Sid Ryan said introducing back-to-work legislation is one thing, but “to start to prescribe what wage settlements should be is Draconian.

“It’s usually left to an arbitrator to decide. It’s unheard of,” said Ryan, noting that even in Wisconsin, where Governor Scott Walker has been taking on public sector workers, he did not set out wage settlements.

Carla Lipsig-Mummé, a York University professor who specializes in work and labour relations, called it highly unusual to put in a wage settlement as well as bring in back-to-work legislation in a lockout situation.

She believes this legislation could be subject to a court challenge on the grounds of contravenes charter protections, including the right to collective bargaining.

The legislation also states the arbitrator should be guided by the terms and conditions of what workers in other comparable postal industries face as well as flexibility to ensure the short-term and long-term viability of Canada Post.

It also says “the solvency ratio of the pension plan must not decline as a direct result of the new collective agreement.”

For organized labour, the Harper government’s swift action to bring in back-to-work legislation, in the Canada Post and Air Canada disputes sends a strong message.

“They have placed the labour movement on notice that the right to strike doesn’t really exist in Canada, even in the private sector,” said Ontario Federation of Labour president Sid Ryan. “(Harper) has thrown down the gauntlet, and said your move is next.

“We’ve got to respond,” said Ryan, adding there were no specific plans in the works though he mused about the one-day general strike launched in the 1970s in opposition to wage and price controls.

“We stand on the shoulders of labour leaders who came before us and fought for these rights. We have an obligation to fight for them.”

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Conrad Black is contesting the testimony of two prison workers who said he shirked tutoring responsibilities and used other inmates as servants during his time at a Florida prison, as his conduct behind bars comes under scrutiny ahead of his resentencing later this month.

Affidavits by two employees filed with a U.S. federal court in Illinois suggest the former media baron wasn’t the model inmate his defence team has painted him to be in its petition to the court arguing that Black should not return to jail.

The scathing reports will be considered when Judge Amy St. Eve, who presided over Black’s original trial in 2007, hears arguments later this month on whether Black should return to jail on two remaining convictions.

But Black said Monday the officials’ testimony is at odds with evidence from other sources provided to the Probation Office and “will be rebutted at the appropriate time by appropriate people.”

“They are indicative of the deterioration of the government’s case …, ” he said in an email to The Canadian Press.

In one of the affidavits, a unit manager at the Coleman complex says Black demanded special treatment and gathered an entourage of inmates who acted like servants for him.

“Those inmates cooked for Black, cleaned for him, mopped his floor, ironed his clothes and other similar tasks. That is not at all frequent at Coleman,” Tammy Padgett said in the document.

She added that Black’s assigned case manager reported that he demanded to be called Lord Black the day he was released on bond last summer, awaiting the outcome of an appeal.

“Black told (her) words to the effect of ‘I believe I should be addressed as Lord Black from this point forward,’” she said.

In another document, Carrie De La Garza, an education specialist who supervised Black as a tutor, claimed he was a haughty and uninterested mentor.

“He projected the attitude that he was better than others in the class, both faculty and students. A lot of the inmates looked up to him, and there were some who saluted him each day in class,” she said in the sworn testimony.

De La Garza claimed Black was frequently late and often read or worked on writing what appeared to be a book while he was supposed to be teaching.

“In addition, Black elected to take a piano class, which caused him to miss parts of the GED (General Educational Development) classes. Of the three tutors assigned to my class during the time Black was an inmate at Coleman, Black put in the fewest hours,” she said.

De La Garza’s depiction of Black’s time as a tutor disputes his defence team’s claims, which argue in its court filings that his contributions to the community “were nothing short of extraordinary.”

“Few indeed could take credit for guiding more than 100 GED candidates to graduation, and Mr. Black’s work with his colleagues to more than double the number of graduates (including several who had been written off as hopeless causes) is truly commendable when one considers the very difficult circumstances he faced,” the defence filing said.

However, De La Garza refuted the claim with figures showing there had been no increase in the graduation rate of the prison’s students, instead saying there has been a decline to 81 in 2010 from 87 in 2007.

Black’s lawyer, Miguel Estrada, earlier filed documents in advance of Black’s resentencing that tout his contributions to the community during his 2.5 years at Coleman, and his continuing support of those students since his release last summer.

“Mr. Black stared into the darkest and most devastating period of his life and found the power to improve the lives and opportunities of those whom he encountered,” the filing said.

“He did so quietly, humbly, and with no effort to draw attention or praise to his accomplishments.”

Black, who had been serving a 6.5-year sentence in the U.S. federal prison, has been freed since last summer after the U.S. Supreme Court curtailed the “honest services” laws used to convict Black of defrauding Hollinger International investors.

An appeals court subsequently reversed two convictions, but upheld two others — on fraud and obstruction of justice. He is scheduled to be resentenced on those charges June 24.

The Supreme Court rejected an appeal of those convictions last week, meaning Black won’t be cleared of the charges, but could remain free if the judge decides to allow him time served on the counts.

The U.S. Attorney believes Black’s original sentence of 6.5 years should be reimposed.

Black’s empire once included the National Post, Chicago Sun-Times, The Daily Telegraph of London and other papers across the United States and Canada.

The Canadian-born businessman was freed on bail from a Florida prison last year while he appealed his conviction for defrauding investors. He had served 29 months of a 78-month sentence for the original four convictions.

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Stocks are closing mixed. Weaker-than-expected sales reports from retailers and another large number of claims for unemployment benefits kept stocks wavering between gains and losses throughout the day.

First-time applications for unemployment benefits, an indication of how many people are losing their jobs, fell slightly last week to 422,000. That was more than economists were expecting and well above the 375,000 level that signals that the economy is adding jobs cash advance loan.

The Dow Jones industrial average lost 42 points, or 0.3 percent, to close at 12,249 Thursday.

The S&P 500 lost 2 points, or 0.1 percent, to 1,313. The Nasdaq composite gained 4, or 0.2 percent, to 2,773.

Slightly more stocks fell than rose on the New York Stock Exchange. Trading volume was 3.9 billion shares.

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